What led the Austrian people to revolt against their government in the nineteenth century

Rebellion and Revolution in France

by Shayna Miller

The storming of the Bastille- July 14, 1789

Introduction

French republic went through many major political upheavals from 1790 onwards. The decadence of the monarchy coupled with a large amount of the population living in poverty resulted in ane of the greatest revolutions Europe has ever seen. French republic entered the nineteenth century amidst struggles for power, encarmine reigns of tyrannical leaders, and an underlying sense of dissatisfaction at the new governing bodies that took turns replacing the old authorities. After many uprisings and the loss of many more than lives, France finally brought itself to stability nether the rule of Louis Napoleon, in the form of the 2nd French Empire.

The initial revolution in French republic united the people against a common enemy, Male monarch Louis. After his disposal, there were many factions fighting for ability. The revolution did not turn out the mode many participants had expected. The constant fights for control set the stage for the rebellions that defined France in the mid-nineteenth century. After the terminate of the Jacobean Terror, Napoleon rose in power for a short period of fourth dimension, followed by a reinstated monarchy. It was against this new monarchy that the people banded together once more during the July Revolution and the June Rebellion. The final Revolution of 1848 and the insurrection led past Louis Napoleon led to the stop of the uprisings in France and a stabilized central government. The sources here embrace all these major events in French history, through the kickoff hand accounts of people live during this fourth dimension and the research done by historians. All sources requite a comprehensive view of the trials French republic endured from its showtime revolution onwards.

Main Sources

• Anderson, F.G., ed. "'Levée en Masse'." The Constitutions and Other Select Documents Illustrative of the History of France, 1789-1907, 2nd Ed. Minneapolis: H.W. Wilson Co., 1908

This commodity, written during the original French Revolution, shows us the variety of different roles that people were expected to fill to make the revolution a success. For example, the men were expected to become soldiers, the women responsible for maintaining the tents and soldier'due south clothing and food, and the national buildings were to exist turned into barracks. The expectations for a successful defection were strict, and nobody was expected to leave their post. This source gives an excellent expect into the way lives were changed past the revolution, and how it was organized past the leaders.

• Robespierre, Maximilien. "'Louis Must Perish because Our Country Must Live!'". Hazeltine, Mayo, ed. Famous Orations. New York: Collier & Son, 1903, p. 117.

After Louis was overthrown, the people of France no longer had a common cause to rally behind. The confusion and doubt that followed resulted in struggles for power between competing factions. In this essay, the leader of the Jacobeans, Maximilien Robespierre, argues his ideas for progress to the people. He talks well-nigh how the king must be killed, as his crimes against the people of France were unpardonable. This article gives us a look into the ideas of the homo who would later cause the Terror that killed thousands of French citizens. This also gives united states a mode to see the rationale behind the Jacobean Terror through the words of its leader.

• Hugo, Victor. "Against Capital letter Penalty." Bryan, William Jennings, ed. The World'south Famous Orations. Vol. seven. New York: Funk & Wagnall, 1906, p. 193.

In this article, we become a look into the opinions of an ordinary, albeit well-known, citizen in the backwash of the Revolution of 1848. After years of bloodshed from the Terror, Napoleon'southward wars, and the rebellions of 1830 and 1832, information technology is understandable that people would be against something such as capital punishment. Here, Victor Hugo gives us his stance on the affair. He denounces the 'blood for claret' that is the capital punishment, implying that it is unnecessary and immoral, similar to the deaths of those rebelling. This article is valuable in providing the reader with the opinions people would take held after 50 years of mortality and instability, and why they would have felt this way.

• St. John, Percy B. "The French Revolution of 1848: The Three Days of February, 1848". New York, 1848.

Here, a man living in Paris at the fourth dimension of the Revolution of 1848 gives the states a detailed business relationship of 2 days during the uprising. He describes everything from the weather of that twenty-four hour period to the times of major events throughout the rebellion. While many other primary sources are often the opinion of the author, this source is purely clarification. The author writes what his experiences in the great crowds of the revolution without throwing in personal opinion.

The Outset French Revolution and Napoleonic French republic

A nineteenth century print of the leaders throughout the French Revolution

• Doyle, William. "The Oxford History of the French Revolution". USA: Oxford University Press, 1990.

This book is excellent for an overall expect at the original French revolution. The author starts with the major people involved, and leads into the policies and actions that led to the discontent of the people. It does not only dwell on the political sides of things, however. Doyle takes a expect at how societal norms of the time and faith played a role in sparking the overthrow of the monarchy. He as well touches on the aftermath of the revolution, the fights betwixt the leaders of it, and finishes with the introduction of Napoleon as a major figure in the government. This will give the reader a full general groundwork of the entire Revolution while detailing some major aspects of it.

• Napoléon Bonaparte: Empire of the Globe, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?5=4nWD72ttTaA

http://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?5=4nWD72ttTaA

This documentary covers the rise of Napoleon and his empire. It describes in detail every aspect of Napoleon'due south life, from his childhood in Corsica to the concluding days of his reign over France. It looks at his policies while he was emperor, with a focus on the wars he waged confronting Italy, Austria and Russia. It ends with a look at Napoleon'due south life in exile, and the legacy he left behind that still furnishings Europe today.

Le Sacre de Napoléon past Jacques-Louis David

The July Revolution of 1830

• Pilbeam, Pamela. "The '3 Glorious Days': The Revolution of 1830 in Provincial France". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

The author of this article takes a look at the governments of French republic after the initial revolution and questions how they led to the other rebellions in Paris in the nineteenth century. While the article does non go into detail almost the July Revolution, it gives the reader much information on the bigger film. She explains the style that leaders afterward the revolution centralized power and the effect this had on the people in both the provinces and the cities. The article concludes with a section on the local impacts throughout the state that were a result of the July Revolution, making it a great source for a more than in-depth await into the July revolution's causes and effects.

Eugène Delacroix- La Liberté Guidant Le Peuple. The famous painting of the Revolution of 1830 beingness led by Lady Liberty.

• Harsin, Jill. "Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848". USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Barricades focuses on not the political happenings of the fourth dimension, simply the people behind the uprisings and those pushing for change. The author uses master sources such as courtroom records, manufactures and newspapers to bring together a narrative on how the working class and the bourgeoisie came together to achieve mutual goals. It gives both an overview of the situations leading to the germination of barricades and a look at some of the details of the turbulence of this rebellion.

The June Rebellion- 1832

• Traugott, Mark. "The Insurgent Barricade". California: University of California Press, 2010.

This source is incredibly valuable for information regarding the barricades that became a authentication of French rebellion. Traugott looks into the history of the battlement and the other forms of protest and how they have evolved over fourth dimension. He so brings this history to France in the mail-revolutionary period. He looks at the major groups that contributed to the barricaded revolutions, such as students and poor workers. He goes beyond the literal meaning of the barricades and into the symbol of strength and modify they became for the people participating in the anti-regime movements.

An unknown artist's rendition of the June Rebellion.

• Hugo, Victor. "Les Misèrables". New York: Random Firm, 1992.

While this novel is a work of fiction, the setting is very real. The author himself experienced the June Rebellion and participated in the action at the barricades. While the rebellion itself is only a short section in an otherwise large book, Hugo manages to give the reader a slap-up idea of what was happening and who the major players in this uprising were. If the reader is able to shift through the romanticized details of this fight, this book can exist a good resources for a general background on the June rebellion.

The volume that made the June Rebellion famous.

The Revolution of 1848

• de Lamartine, Alphonse. "Full Text of 'History of the French Revolution of 1848'." http://annal.org/stream/historyoffrenchr00lama/historyoffrenchr00lama_djvu.txt.

Alphonse de Lamartine, the author of this book, was very involved in French politics in the mid-nineteenth century. He was a high-ranking official in the provisional government and a presidential candidate in later on years. Hither, he explains many of the political events in France at the time of the Revolution of 1848. He takes us from the initial demands for liberal regime reform to the social changes of the Industrial revolution that helped bring most the desire for the reforms. He mainly focuses on the organization of the working grade that was the driving strength backside the revolution, and adds in his opinion on major events here and there. For a await at the groundwork of this revolution, this volume gives a decent explanation. What makes this book stand out from others is the await at the working class' contribution to the reforms, which can be disregarded in other sources.

Lamartine in front end of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag on 25 Feb 1848 by Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux

• Foster, George Chiliad. and Dunn English, Thomas. "The French Revolution of 1848; its Causes, Actors, Events and Influences". Britain: British Library Historical Impress Editions, 2011.

This book gives us a general wait at the major objects of the revolution. It gives descriptions on the leaders of the groups demanding change, as well as the major events throughout the days of defection and major influences of the time. It also provides illustrations from newspapers and posters to provide the reader with a expect at how order viewed the revolution. While not incredibly detailed, it is a great source for understanding major parts of this particular rebellion.

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Source: https://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/moderneurope/revolutioninfrance/

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